RPN et NRPN - MIDI - Fiternet.fr

RPN NRPN

Système Midi
Contrôleurs

Publication
09/03/2021

Modifications
20/11/2021

Mini Glossaire pour cet article

RPN = Registered Parameter Number
NRPN = Non Registered Parameter Number
CC = Control Change, Contrôleur
MSB = Most Signifiant Byte, octet de poids fort
LSB= Less Signifiant Byte, octet de poids faible

Contrôleurs MIDI à connaitre :

En décimal & en hexadécimal (H)

RPN MSB : CC 101 (65H)
RPN LSB : CC 100 (64H)

NRPN MSB : CC 99 (63H)
NRPN LSB : CC 98 (62H)

Data Entry MSB : CC 6 (6H)
Data Entry LSB : CC 38 (26H)

Convertisseur Décimal/Hexadécimal/Binaire

RPN NRPN : De quoi s’agit-il ?

La norme Midi contient tous les messages nécessaires à la maîtrise des périphériques musicaux. Afin de garantir une compatibilité parfaite (ascendante et descendante), le cœur du système MIDI a été conçu pour être stable et sans évolution. Ainsi l’ensemble des messages courants (notes, contrôleurs etc.) est défini par la norme ainsi que des RPN (qui sont également spécifiés dans la norme)

Les NRPN sont prévus pour être librement définis par les constructeurs et différents pour chaque appareil compatible MIDI.

Les NRPN présentent l’avantage d’éviter d’utiliser le System Exclusif dont l’un des défauts est d’utiliser des messages longs et non sécables ainsi que de perturber et ralentir de ce fait le flot des données MIDI. L’autre défaut du système exclusif est la nécessité de calculer et d’envoyer une somme de contrôle en fin de message. (Checksum).

Nous étudions les RPN et les NRPN dans ce même article car les techniques pour les exploiter sont semblables.

Un exemple simple

Choisissons un RPN courant : le pitch bend sensitivity qui gouverne la variation possible de la courbure de hauteur (souvent nommé Bend Range).
La norme Midi et/ou le manuel de notre appareil nous indiquent les valeurs à employer (les valeurs sont presque toujours exprimées en Hexadécimal – un convertisseur est disponible en haut de cette page)

RPN MSB : 00H –
RPN LSB : 00H –
Data Entry : valeur souhaitée –
Pas de data entry LSB (La plupart du temps, le Data entry LSB n’est pas exploité pour cette commande simple.)

Nous devons donc envoyer les messages suivants à notre synthétiseur :

RPN MSB : 00H soit: CC N° 101 valeur 0
RPN LSB : 00H soit: CC N° 100 valeur 0
Data Entry = valeur souhaitée soit: CC N°6 valeur souhaitée.

Dans Cubase la liste d’événements se présentera ainsi :

Dans une carte d’implémentation Midi (en général en fin de manuel et en petits caractères)
tout ceci est expliqué ainsi :

**RPN** The RPN (Registered Parameter Number) messages are expanded control changes, and each function of an RPN is described by the MIDI Standard. To use these messages, you must first use RPN MSB and RPN LSB messages to specify the parameter to be controlled, and then use Data Entry messages to specify the value of the specified parameter. Once an RPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages received on that channel will modify the value of that parameter.

Un tableau de ce type décrivant les trois octet de chaque message MIDI l’accompagne.

BnH signifie :
B est la valeur Hexadécimale du premier nibble de l’octet de statut qui correspond à contrôleur
n est la valeur Hexadécimale du second nibble de l’octet de statut qui correspond au canal MIDI (0H à FH soit 0 à 15 en décimal qui correspondent aux 16 canaux MIDI. (0 pour canal 1 à 15 pour canal 16).
le reste se comprend de soit même :
65h pour CC 101 et 64H pour CC 100.
mmH : valeur en Hexa pour l’octet de poids fort (most signifiant)
llH : valeur en Hexa pour l’octet de poids faible (less signifiant)

Notez que l’ordre à de l’importance, il faut envoyer les commandes dans cet ordre :

Msb + Valeur
Lsb +Valeur
Data entry Msb + valeur
Data entry LSB + valeur (si nécessaire)

Nous disposons maintenant de tous les éléments pour comprendre le manuel d’un synthétiseur en ce qui concerne les RPN et NRPN (dérouler le long exemple ci-dessous… )

RPN NRPN : exemple d'implémentation MIDI typique emprunté à Roland Edirol Hyper Canvas.

[Software Synthesizer]	Date:Nov. 9, 2001
MIDI Implementation
MODEL:HQ-GM2	Ver. 1.00

Function …		Transmitted	Recognized	Remarks
Basic Channel	Default	x	1-16
Basic Channel	Changed	x	1-16
Mode	Default	x	Mode 3	*2
	Messages	x	Mode 3, 4 (M = 1)
	Altered	*******
Note Number		x	0-127
Note Number	True voice	*******	0-127
Velocity	Note ON	x	o
Velocity	Note OFF	x	x
After Touch	Key’s	x	x
After Touch	Ch’s	x	o *1
Pitch Bend		x	o
Control Change	0, 32	x	o	Bank select
	1	x	o	Modulation
	5	x	o	Portamento time
	6, 38	x	o	Data entry
	7	x	o	Volume
	10	x	o	Panpot
	11	x	o	Expression
	64	x	o	Hold1
	65	x	o	Portamento
	66	x	o	Sostenuto
	67	x	o	Soft
	71	x	o	Resonance
	72	x	o	Release Time
	73	x	o	Attack Time
	74	x	o	Cutoff
	75	x	o	Decay Time
	76	x	o	Vibrato Rate
	77	x	o	Vibrato Depth
	78	x	o	Vibrato Delay
	91	x	o (Reverb)	General purpose effects 1
	93	x	o (Chorus)	General purpose effects 3
	98, 99	x	o	NRPN LSB, MSB
	100, 101	x	o	RPN LSB, MSB
Prog Change		x	o
Prog Change	True #	*******	0-127	Prog.1-128
System Exclusive		x	o
System Common	Song Pos	x	x
	Song Sel	x	x
	Tune	x	x
System Real Times	Clock	x	x
System Real Times	Commands	x	x
Aux Messages	All Sounds OFF	x	o (120, 126, 127)
	Reset All Controllers	x	o
	Local ON/OFF	x	x
	All Notes OFF	x	o (123-125)
	Active Sensing	x	x
	System Reset	x	x
Notes		*1 o x is selectable
Notes		*2 Recognize as M = 1 even if M not EQ 1

Mode 1 : OMNI ON, POLY Mode 2 : OMNI ON, MONO	o : Yes
Mode 3 : OMNI OFF, POLY Mode 4 : OMNI OFF, MONO	x : No

Section 1. Receive data

Channel Voice Messages

<Note off>

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
8nH	kkH	vvH
9nH	kkH	00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = note number : 00H-7FH (0-127)
vv = note off velocity : 00H-7FH (0-127)

* The velocity values of Note Off messages are ignored.

<Note on>

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
9nH	kkH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
kk = note number : 00H-7FH (0-127)
vv = note on velocity : 01H-7FH (1-127)

<Control Change>

> Bank Select (Controller number 0, 32)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	00H	mmH
BnH	20H	llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = Bank number : 00H, 00H-7FH, 7FH (bank.1-bank.16384), Initial Value = 00 00H (bank.1)

* When sending Bank Select messages, you have to send both the MSB (mmH) and LSB (llH) together.
* Bank Select processing will be suspended until a Program Change message is received.

BANK MSB	BANK LSB	PROGRAM NUMBER	DESCRIPTION
001	000 – 003	001 – 128	User Normal
002	000	001 – 128	User Rhythm
120	000	001,009,017, 025,026,033, 041,049,057	GM2 Rhythm
121	000 – 009	001 – 128	GM2 Normal

> Modulation (Controller number 1)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	01H	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Modulation depth : 00H-7FH (0-127)

> Portamento Time (Controller number 5)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	05H	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Portamento Time : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial value = 00H (0)

> Data Entry (Controller number 6, 38)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	06H	mmH
BnH	26H	llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = the value of the parameter specified by RPN/NRPN

> Volume (Controller number 7)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	07H	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Volume : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 64H (100)

* Volume messages are used to adjust the volume balance of each Part.

> Pan (Controller number 10)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	0AH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = pan : 00H-40H-7FH (Left-Center-Right), Initial Value = 40H (Center)

* Pan messages are used to adjust the pan setting of each part.
* For Rhythm Parts, this is a relative adjustment of each Instrument’s pan setting.

> Expression (Controller number 11)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	0BH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Expression : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 7FH (127)

* It can be used independently from Volume messages. Expression messages are used for musical expression within a performance; e.g., expression pedal movements, crescendo and decrescendo.

> Hold 1 (Controller number 64)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	40H	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

> Portamento (Controller number 65)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	41H	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

> Sostenuto (Controller number 66)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	42H	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

> Soft (Controller number 67)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	43H	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127) 0-63 = OFF, 64-127 = ON

* This message is effective only when you use piano sounds.

> Filter Resonance (Timebre/Harmonic Intensity) (Controller number 71)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	47H	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Resonance value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 – 0 – +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Release Time (Controller number 72)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	48H	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Release Time value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 – 0 – +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Attack Time (Controller number 73)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	49H	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Attack Time value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 – 0 – +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Cutoff (Controller number 74)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	4AH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Cutoff value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 – 0 – +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Decay Time (Controller number 75)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	4BH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Decay Time value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 – 0 – +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Vibrato Rate (Controller number 76)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	4CH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Vibrato Rate value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 – 0 – +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Vibrato Depth (Controller number 77)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	4DH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Vibrato Depth value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 – 0 – +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Vibrato Delay (Controller number 78)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	4EH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Vibrato Delay value (relative change): 00H-7FH (-64 – 0 – +63), Initial Value = 40H (no change)

> Effect 1 (Reverb Send Level) (Controller number 91)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	5BH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 28H (40)

* This message adjusts the Reverb Send Level of each Part.

> Effect 3 (Chorus Send Level) (Controller number 93)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	5DH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Control value : 00H-7FH (0-127), Initial Value = 00H (0)0)

* This message adjusts the Chorus Send Level of each Part.

> NRPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 98, 99)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	63H	mmH
BnH	62H	llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = upper byte of the parameter number specified by NRPN
ll = lower byte of the parameter number specified by NRPN

NRPN

The NRPN (Non Registered Parameter Number) message allows an extended range of control changes to be used.
To use these messages, you must first use NRPN MSB and NRPN LSB messages to specify the parameter to be controlled, and then use Data Entry messages to specify the value of the specified parameter. Once an NRPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages received on that channel will modify the value of that parameter. To prevent accidents, it is recommended that you set RPN Null (RPN Number = 7FH/7FH) when you have finished setting the value of the desired parameter. Refer to Supplementary material « Examples of actual MIDI messages » <Example 4>. On the Hyper Canvas devices, Data entry LSB (llH) of NRPN is ignored, so it is no problem to send Data entry MSB (mmH) only (without Data entry LSB)

NRPN messages are used only for Hyper Canvas. Since the VST instruments cannot use exclusive messages, some of the functions defined by General MIDI 2 are assigned to NRPNs to be used with the Hyper Canvas.

On the Hyper Canvas, NRPN can be used to modify the following parameters.

NRPN MSB LSB	Data entry MSB	Explanation
58H 01H	mmH	Charactor (absolute change) mm: 1CH-40H-64H (-36 – 0 – +36)
58H 20H	mmH	Tone control switch (absolute change) mm: 00H-7FH (0 – 127) 0 – 63 = OFF, 64 – 127 = ON
58H 22H	mmH	Tone control bass gain (absolute change) mm: 34H-40H-4CH (-12 – 0 – +12)
58H 24H	mmH	Tone control treble gain (absolute change) mm: 34H-40H-4CH (-12 – 0 – +12)
58H 27H	mmH	Tone control mid gain (absolute change) mm: 34H-40H-4CH (-12 – 0 – +12)
58H 30H-3BH	mmH	Scale tune C – B mm: 00H-40H-7FH (-64 – 0 – +63 cent)
58H 40H	mmH	Reverb switch mm: 00H-7FH (0 – 127) 0 – 63 = OFF, 64 – 127 = ON * Sets the reverb settings regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 41H	mmH	Reverb type mm: 00H-08H (00H = Small Room, 01H = Medium Room, 02H = Large Room, 03H = Medium Hall, 04H = Large Hall, 08H = Plate) * Sets the reverb settings regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 42H	mmH	Reverb time mm: 00H-7FH (0 – 127) * Sets the reverb settings regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 50H	mmH	Chorus switch mm: 00H-7FH (0 – 127) 0 – 63 = OFF, 64 – 127 = ON * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 51H	mmH	Chorus type mm: 00H-05H (00H = Chorus1, 01H = Chorus2, 02H = Chorus3, 03H = Chorus4, 04H = FB Chorus, 05H = Flanger) * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 52H	mmH	Chorus rate mm: 00H-7FH (0 – 127) * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 53H	mmH	Chorus depth mm: 00H-7FH (0 – 127) * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 54H	mmH	Chorus feedback mm: 00H-7FH (0 – 127) * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 55H	mmH	Chorus send to reverb mm: 00H-7FH (0 – 127) * Sets the chorus settings regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 70H	mmH	Master volume mm: 00H-7FH (zero-maximum) * Sets the master volume regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 71H	mmH llH	Master tuning mm, ll: 00 00H-40 00H-7F 7FH (-100 – 0 – +99.99 cent) * Sets the master tuning regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 72H	mmH	Master key shift mm: 28H-40H-58H (-24 – 0 – +24) * Sets the master key shift regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
58H 7FH	mmH	System reset mm: ignore * Resets the synth to the initial state regardless of the channel on which it’s received.
18H rrH	mmH	Pitch coarse of rhythm instrument (relative change) rr: key number of rhythm instrument (21 – 108) mm: 10H – 40H – 70H (-48 – 0 – +48)
19H rrH	mmH	Pitch fine of rhythm instrument (relative change) rr: key number of rhythm instrument(21 – 108) mm: 0EH-40H-72H (-50 – 0 – 50)
1AH rrH	mmH	Rhythm instrument level(relative change) rr: key number of rhythm instrument mm: 00H-7FH (0 – 200 percent)
1CH rrH	mmH	Panpot of rhythm instrument (absolute change) rr: key number of rhythm instrument mm: 00H-40H-7FH (left-center-right)
1DH rrH	mmH	Reverb send level of rhythm instrument (absolute change) rr: key number of rhythm instrument mm: 00H-7FH (zero-maximum)
1EH rrH	mmH	Chorus send level of drum instrument (absolute change) rr: key number of drum instrument mm: 00H-7FH (zero-maximum)

* Parameters marked « relative change » will change relative to the preset value. Depending on the sound or the pitch range, this may have no effect.
* Parameters marked « absolute change » will be set to the absolute value of the parameter, regardless of the preset value.

> RPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 100, 101)

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	65H	mmH
BnH	64H	llH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = upper byte of parameter number specified by RPN
ll = lower byte of parameter number specified by RPN

RPN

The RPN (Registered Parameter Number) messages are expanded control changes, and each function of an RPN is described by the MIDI Standard.
To use these messages, you must first use RPN MSB and RPN LSB messages to specify the parameter to be controlled, and then use Data Entry messages to specify the value of the specified parameter. Once an RPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages received on that channel will modify the value of that parameter. To prevent accidents, it is recommended that you set RPN Null (RPN Number = 7FH/7FH) when you have finished setting the value of the desired parameter. Refer to Section « Examples of actual MIDI messages » <Example 4>

On the Hyper Canvas, RPN can be used to modify the following parameters.

RPN MSB LSB	Data entry MSB LSB	Explanation
00H 00H	mmH —	Pitch Bend Sensitivity mm: 00H-18H (0-24 semitones), Initial Value = 02H (2 semitones) ll: ignored (processed as 00H) specify up to 2 octaves in semitone steps
00H 01H	mmH llH	Master Fine Tuning mm, ll: 00 00H – 40 00H – 7F 7FH (-100 – 0 – +99.99 cents), Initial Value = 40 00H (0 cent) Refer to Supplementary material, « About tuning ».
00H 02H	mmH —	Master Coarse Tuning mm: 30H-40H-70H (-48 – 0 – +48 semitones), Initial Value = 40H (0 semitone) ll: ignored (processed as 00H)
00H 05H	mmH llH	Modulation Depth Range mm, ll: 00 00H – 06 00H (0.0 – 600.0 cent) 00H-7FH (0 – 100 cents) 100/128 Cent/Value
7FH 7FH	— —	RPN null Set condition where RPN and NRPN are unspecified. The data entry messages after set RPN null will be ignored. (No Data entry messages are required after RPN null). Settings already made will not change. mm, ll: ignored

<Program Change>

Status	2nd byte
CnH	ppH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
pp = Program number : 00H-7FH (prog.1-prog.128)

<Channel Pressure>

Status	2nd byte
DnH	vvH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
vv = Channel Pressure : 00H-7FH (0-127)

* The specifics of the effect are determined by means of universal exclusive messages. In the default state, no effect is obtained.

<Pitch Bend Change>

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
EnH	llH	mmH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm, ll = Pitch Bend value : 00 00H – 40 00H – 7F 7FH (-8192 – 0 – +8191)

* The depth of pitch bend change is determined by the pitch bend sensitivity of the RPN.

Channel Mode Messages

<All Sounds Off (Controller number 120)>

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	78H	00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* When this message is received, all currently-sounding notes on the corresponding channel will be turned off immediately.

<Reset All Controllers (Controller number 121)>

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	79H	00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* When this message is received, the following controllers will be set to their reset values.

Controller	Reset value
Pitch Bend Change	0 (center)
Channel Pressure	0 (off)
Modulation	0 (off)
Expression	127 (max)
Hold 1	0 (off)
Portamento	0 (off)
Sostenuto	0 (off)
Soft	0 (off)
RPN	unset; previously set data will not change
NRPN	unset; previously set data will not change

<All Notes Off (Controller number 123)>

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	7BH	00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* When All Notes Off is received, all notes on the corresponding channel will be turned off. However if Hold 1 or Sostenuto is ON, the sound will be continued until these are turned off.

<OMNI OFF (Controller number 124)>

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	7CH	00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* The same processing will be carried out as when All Notes Off is received.

<OMNI ON (Controller number 125)>

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	7DH	00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* OMNI ON is only recognized as « All notes off »; the Mode doesn’t change (OMNI OFF remains).

<MONO (Controller number 126)>

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	7EH	mmH

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)
mm = mono number : 00H-10H (0-16)

* The same processing will be carried out as when All Sounds Off and All Notes Off is received, and the corresponding channel will be set to Mode 4 (M = 1) regardless of the value of « mono number. »

<POLY (Controller number 127)>

Status	2nd byte	3rd byte
BnH	7FH	00H

n = MIDI channel number : 0H-FH (ch.1-ch.16)

* The same processing will be carried out as when All Sounds Off and All Notes Off is received, and the corresponding channel will be set to Mode 3.

System Exclusive Message

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	iiH, ddH, ……, eeH	F7H

F0H : System Exclusive Message status

ii = ID number : an ID number (manufacturer ID) to indicate the manufacturer whose Exclusive message this is. Roland’s manufacturer ID is 41H.
ID numbers 7EH and 7FH are extensions of the MIDI standard; Universal Non-realtime Messages (7EH) and Universal Realtime Messages (7FH).

dd,…,ee = data : 00H-7FH (0-127)

F7H : EOX (End Of Exclusive)

The System Exclusive Messages received by the Hyper Canvas are; messages related to mode settings, Universal Realtime System Exclusive messages and Universal Non-realtime System Exclusive messages.

[Note] Reception of system exclusive messages is possible only for DXi.

<System exclusive messages related to mode settings>

> GM1 System On

This is a command message that resets the internal settings of the unit to the General MIDI System Level-1 initial state. After receiving this message Hyper Canvas, will automatically be set to the proper condition for correctly playing a General MIDI score.

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7EH, 7FH, 09H, 01H	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7EH	ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
09H	Sub ID#1 (General MIDI Message)
01H	Sub ID#2 (General MIDI 1 On)
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* There must be an interval of at least 50 ms between this message and the next message.

> GM2 System On

This is a command message that resets the internal settings of the unit to the General MIDI System Level-2 initial state. After receiving this message Hyper Canvas, will automatically be set to the proper condition for correctly playing a General MIDI score.

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7EH, 7FH, 09H, 03H	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7EH	ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
09H	Sub ID#1 (General MIDI Message)
03H	Sub ID#2 (General MIDI 2 On)
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* There must be an interval of at least 50 ms between this message and the next message.

> Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7EH, 7FH, 08H, 08H, ffH, ggH, hhH, ssH,…	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7EH	ID number (universal non-realtime message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
08H	Sub ID#1 (MIDI Tuning Standard)
08H	Sub ID#2 (scale/octave tuning 1-byte form)
ffH	Channel/Option byte1 bits 0 to 1 = channel 15 to 16 bit 2 to 6 = Undefined
ggH	Channel byte2 bits 0 to 6 = channel 8 to 14
hhH	Channel byte3 bits 0 to 6 = channel 1 to 7
ssH	12 byte tuning offset of 12 semitones from C to B 00H = -64 [cents] 40H = 0 [cents] (equal temperament) 7FH = +63 [cents]
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

<Universal Realtime System Exclusive Messages>

> Master volume

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7FH, 7FH, 04H, 01H, llH, mmH	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7FH	ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
04H	Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
01H	Sub ID#2 (Master Volume)
llH	Master volume lower byte
mmH	Master volume upper byte
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* The lower byte (llH) of Master Volume will be handled as 00H.

> Master Fine Tuning

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7FH, 7FH, 04H, 03H, llH, mmH	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7FH	ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
04H	Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
03H	Sub ID#2 (Master Fine Tuning)
llH	Master Fine Tuning LSB
mmH	Master Fine Tuning MSB
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* mm, ll : 00 00H – 40 00H – 7F 7FH (-100 – 0 – +99.9 [cents])

> Master Coarse Tuning

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7FH, 7FH, 04H, 04H, llH, mmH	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7FH	ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
04H	Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
04H	Sub ID#2 (Master Coarse Tuning)
llH	Master Coarse Tuning LSB
mmH	Master Coarse Tuning MSB
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

* llH : ignored (processed as 00H)
* mmH : 28H – 40H – 58H (-24 – 0 – +24 [semitones])

> Reverb Parameters

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7FH, 7FH, 04H, 05H, 01H, 01H, 01H, 01H, 01H, ppH, vvH	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7FH	ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
04H	Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
05H	Sub ID#2 (Global Parameter Control)
01H	Slot path length
01H	Parameter ID width
01H	Value width
01H	Slot path MSB
01H	Slot path LSB (Effect 01 01:Reverb)
ppH	Parameter to be controlled.
vvH	Value for the parameter.
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

pp=0	Reverb Type vv = 00H : Small Room (Room1) vv = 01H : Medium Room (Room2) vv = 02H : Large Room (Room3) vv = 03H : Medium Hall (Hall1) vv = 04H : Large Hall (Hall2) vv = 08H : Plate (Plate)
pp=1	Reverb Time vv = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 127

> Chorus Parameters

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7FH, 7FH, 04H, 05H, 01H, 01H, 01H, 01H, 02H, ppH, vvH	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7FH	ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
04H	Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
05H	Sub ID#2 (Global Parameter Control)
01H	Slot path length
01H	Parameter width
01H	Value width
01H	Slot path MSB
02H	Slot path LSB (Effect 01 02:Chorus)
ppH	Parameter to be controlled.
vvH	Value for the parameter.
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

pp=0	Chorus Type vv = 00H : Chorus1 vv = 01H : Chorus2 vv = 02H : Chorus3 vv = 03H : Chorus4 vv = 04H : FB Chorus vv = 05H : Flanger
pp=1	Mod Rate vv = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 127
pp=2	Mod Depth vv = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 127
pp=3	Feedback vv = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 127
pp=4	Send To Reverb vv = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 127

> Channel Pressure

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7FH, 7FH, 09H, 01H, 0nH, ppH, rrH	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7FH	ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
09H	Sub ID#1 (Controller Destination Setting messages)
01H	Sub ID#2 (Channel Pressure)
0nH	MIDI Channel (00-0F)
ppH	Controlled parameter
rrH	Controlled range
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

pp=0	Pitch Control rr = 28H – 58H : -24 – +24 [semitones]
pp=1	Filter Cutoff Control rr = 00H – 7FH : -9600 – +9450 [cents]
pp=2	Amplitude Control rr = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 200%
pp=3	LFO Pitch Depth rr = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 600 [cents]
pp=4	LFO Filter Depth rr = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 2400 [cents]
pp=5	LFO Amplitude Depth rr = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 100%

> Controller

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7FH, 7FH, 09H, 03H, 0nH, ccH, ppH, rrH	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7FH	ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
09H	Sub ID#1 (Controller Destination Setting messages)
03H	Sub ID#2 (Control Change)
0nH	MIDI Channel (00-0F)
ccH	Controller number (01-1FH, 40-5FH)
ppH	Controlled parameter
rrH	Controlled range
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

pp=0	Pitch Control rr = 28H – 58H : -24 – +24 [semitones]
pp=1	Filter Cutoff Control rr = 00H – 7FH : -9600 – +9450 [cents]
pp=2	Amplitude Control rr = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 200%
pp=3	LFO Pitch Depth rr = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 600 [cents]
pp=4	LFO Filter Depth rr = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 2400 [cents]
pp=5	LFO Amplitude Depth rr = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 100%

> Key-Based Instrument Controllers

Status	Data byte	Status
F0H	7FH, 7FH, 0AH, 01H, 0nH, kkH, nnH, vvH	F7H

Byte	Explanation
F0H	Exclusive status
7FH	ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH	Device ID (Broadcast)
0AH	Sub ID#1 (Key-Based Instrument Control messages)
01H	Sub ID#2 (Controller)
0nH	MIDI Channel (00-0F)
kkH	Key Number
nnH	Control Number
vvH	Value
F7H	EOX (End Of Exclusive)

nn=07H	Level vv = 00H – 7FH : 00 – 200% (Relative)
nn=0AH	Pan vv = 00H – 7FH : Left – Right (Absolute)
nn=5BH	Reverb Send vv = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 127 (Absolute)
nn=5DH	Chorus Send rr = 00H – 7FH : 0 – 127 (Absolute)

* This parameter affects drum instruments only.

Supplementary material

<Decimal and Hexadecimal table>

In MIDI documentation, data values and addresses/sizes of exclusive messages etc. are expressed as hexadecimal values for each 7 bits.
The following table shows how these correspond to decimal numbers.

Dec.	Hex.	Dec.	Hex.	Dec.	Hex.	Dec.	Hex.
0	00H	32	20H	64	40H	96	60H
1	01H	33	21H	65	41H	97	61H
2	02H	34	22H	66	42H	98	62H
3	03H	35	23H	67	43H	99	63H
4	04H	36	24H	68	44H	100	64H
5	05H	37	25H	69	45H	101	65H
6	06H	38	26H	70	46H	102	66H
7	07H	39	27H	71	47H	103	67H
8	08H	40	28H	72	48H	104	68H
9	09H	41	29H	73	49H	105	69H
10	0AH	42	2AH	74	4AH	106	6AH
11	0BH	43	2BH	75	4BH	107	6BH
12	0CH	44	2CH	76	4CH	108	6CH
13	0DH	45	2DH	77	4DH	109	6DH
14	0EH	46	2EH	78	4EH	110	6EH
15	0FH	47	2FH	79	4FH	111	6FH
16	10H	48	30H	80	50H	112	70H
17	11H	49	31H	81	51H	113	71H
18	12H	50	32H	82	52H	114	72H
19	13H	51	33H	83	53H	115	73H
20	14H	52	34H	84	54H	116	74H
21	15H	53	35H	85	55H	117	75H
22	16H	54	36H	86	56H	118	76H
23	17H	55	37H	87	57H	119	77H
24	18H	56	38H	88	58H	120	78H
25	19H	57	39H	89	59H	121	79H
26	1AH	58	3AH	90	5AH	122	7AH
27	1BH	69	3BH	91	5BH	123	7BH
28	1CH	60	3CH	92	5CH	124	7CH
29	1DH	61	3DH	93	5DH	125	7DH
30	1EH	62	3EH	94	5EH	126	7EH
31	1FH	63	3FH	95	5FH	127	7FH

* Decimal values such as MIDI channel, bank select, and program change are listed as one (1) greater than the values given in the above table.
* A 7-bit byte can express data in the range of 128 steps. For data where greater precision is required, we must use two or more bytes. For example, two hexadecimal numbers aa bbH expressing two 7-bit bytes would indicate a value of aa x 128 + bb.
* In the case of values which have a (+/-) sign, 00H = -64, 40H = +/-0, and 7FH = +63, so that the decimal expression would be 64 less than the value given in the above chart. In the case of two types, 00 00H = -8192, 40 00H = +/-0, and 7F 7FH = +8191. For example if aa bbH were expressed as decimal, this would be aa bbH – 40 00H = aa x 128 + bb – 64 x 128.
* Data marked « nibbled » is expressed in hexadecimal in 4-bit units. A value expressed as a 2-byte nibble 0a 0bH has the value of a x 16 + b.

<Example 1> What is the decimal expression of 5AH ?
From the preceding table, 5AH = 90

<Example 2> What is the decimal expression of the value 12 34H given as hexadecimal for each 7 bits?
From the preceding table, since 12H = 18 and 34H = 52
18 x 128 + 52 = 2356

<Example 3> What is the decimal expression of the nibbled value 0A 03 09 0D ?
From the preceding table, since 0AH = 10, 03H = 3, 09H = 9, 0DH = 13
((10 x 16 + 3) x 16 + 9) x 16 + 13 = 41885

<Example 4> What is the nibbled expression of the decimal value 1258?
16) 1258
16) 78 … 10
16) 4 … 14
0 … 4
Since from the preceding table, 0 = 00H, 4 = 04H, 14 = 0EH, 10 = 0AH, the answer is 00 04 0E 0AH.

<Examples of actual MIDI messages>

<Example 1> 92 3E 5F
9n is the Note-on status, and n is the MIDI channel number. Since 2H = 2, 3EH = 62, and 5FH = 95, this is a Note-on message with MIDI CH = 3, note number 62 (note name is D4), and velocity 95.

<Example 2> CE 49
CnH is the Program Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. Since EH = 14 and 49H = 73, this is a Program Change message with MIDI CH = 15, program number 74 (Flute).

<Example 3> EA 00 28
EnH is the Pitch Bend Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. The 2nd byte (00H = 0) is the LSB and the 3rd byte (28H = 40) is the MSB, but Pitch Bend Value is a signed number in which 40 00H (= 64 x 128 + 0 = 8192) is 0, so this Pitch Bend Value is
28 00H – 40 00H = 40 x 128 + 0 – (64 x 128 + 0) = 5120 – 8192 = -3072

If the Pitch Bend Sensitivity is set to 2 semitones, -8192 (00 00H) will cause the pitch to change -200 cents, so in this case -200 x (-3072) / (-8192) = -75 cents of Pitch Bend is being applied to MIDI channel 11.

# <Example 4> B3 64 00 65 00 06 0C 26 00 64 7F 65 7F
BnH is the Control Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. For Control Changes, the 2nd byte is the control number, and the 3rd byte is the value. In a case in which two or more messages consecutive messages have the same status, MIDI has a provision called « running status » which allows the status byte of the second and following messages to be omitted. Thus, the above messages have the following meaning.

B3 64 00	MIDI ch.4, lower byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B3)65 00	(MIDI ch.4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B3)06 0C	(MIDI ch.4) upper byte of parameter value: 0CH
(B3)26 00	(MIDI ch.4) lower byte of parameter value: 00H
(B3)64 7F	(MIDI ch.4) lower byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH
(B3)65 7F	(MIDI ch.4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH

In other words, the above messages specify a value of 0C 00H for RPN parameter number 00 00H on MIDI channel 4, and then set the RPN parameter number to 7F 7FH.

RPN parameter number 00 00H is Pitch Bend Sensitivity, and the MSB of the value indicates semitone units, so a value of 0CH = 12 sets the maximum pitch bend range to +/-12 semitones (1 octave). (The LSB of Pitch Bend Sensitivity is ignored, but the LSB should be transmitted anyway (with a value of 0) so that operation will be correct on any device.)

Once the parameter number has been specified for RPN or NRPN, all Data Entry messages transmitted on that same channel will be valid, so after the desired value has been transmitted, it is a good idea to set the parameter number to 7F 7FH to prevent accidents. This is the reason for the (B3) 64 7F (B3) 65 7F at the end.

It is not desirable for performance data (such as Standard MIDI File data) to contain many events with running status as given in <Example 4>. This is because if playback is halted during the song and then rewound or fast-forwarded, the sequencer may not be able to transmit the correct status, and the sound source will then misinterpret the data. Take care to give each event its own status.

It is also necessary that the RPN or NRPN parameter number setting and the value setting be done in the proper order. On some sequencers, events occurring in the same (or consecutive) clock may be transmitted in an order different than the order in which they were received. For this reason it is a good idea to slightly skew the time of each event (about 1 tick for TPQN = 96, and about 5 ticks for TPQN = 480).

* TPQN: Ticks Per Quarter Note

<About tuning>

In MIDI, individual Parts are tuned by sending RPN #1 (Master Fine Tuning) to the appropriate MIDI channel.
In MIDI, an entire device is tuned by either sending RPN #1 to all MIDI channels being used, or by sending a System Exclusive MASTER FINE TUNE.
RPN #1 allows tuning to be specified in steps of approximately 0.012 cents (to be precise, 100/8192 cent).
The values of RPN #1 and System Exclusive MASTER FINE TUNE are added together to determine the actual pitch sounded by each Part.

Frequently used tuning values are given in the following table for your reference. Values are in hexadecimal (decimal in parentheses).

Hz in A4	cent	RPN #1
445.0	+19.56	4C 43 (+1603)
444.0	+15.67	4A 03 (+1283)
443.0	+11.76	47 44 (+964)
442.0	+ 7.85	45 03 (+643)
441.0	+ 3.93	42 42 (+322)
440.0	0.00	40 00 (0)
439.0	– 3.94	3D 3D (-323)
438.0	– 7.89	3A 7A (-646)

<Example> Set the tuning of MIDI channel 3 to A4 = 442.0 Hz
Send RPN#1 to MIDI channel 3. From the above table, the value is 45 03H.

B2 64 00	MIDI ch.3, lower byte of RPN parameter number: 00H
(B2)65 01	(MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 01H
(B2)06 45	(MIDI ch.3) upper byte of parameter value: 45H
(B2)26 03	(MIDI ch.3) lower byte of parameter value: 03H
(B2)64 7F	(MIDI ch.3) lower byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH
(B2)65 7F	(MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 7FH

Maîtriser

Comme vous l’avez constaté nous utilisons aussi bien pour les RPN que les NRPN deux contrôleurs qui sélectionnent le paramètre puis un contrôleur data entry MSB (message sur 7 bits) ou éventuellement un data entry MSB + LSB (message sur 14 bits) –

Nous pouvons ensuite au cours de la séquence continuer à utiliser data entry sans devoir renvoyer la sélection RPN ou NRPN. Cela implique que nous ne pourrons pas utiliser simultanément plusieurs RPN ou plusieurs NRPN. Un seul paramètre est actif à la fois et tient compte du Data Entry.

Pour éviter tout incident de fonctionnement dans le cas ou un Data Entry serait envoyé plus tard dans la séquence ou dans une autre séquence sans que le générateur de son ait été réinitialisé, il est recommandé de désactiver la fonction en envoyant au générateur de son un NULL RPN (message RPN MSB : 127, LSB : 127). Un événement Data Entry ne provoquera alors aucune action.

Webographie 🌐

Philip Rees NRPN
Wikipedia NRPN
Midi Association

fiternet.fr

RPN NRPN

Mini Glossaire pour cet article

Contrôleurs MIDI à connaitre :

Convertisseur Décimal/Hexadécimal/Binaire

RPN NRPN : De quoi s’agit-il ?

Un exemple simple

RPN NRPN : exemple d'implémentation MIDI typique emprunté à Roland Edirol Hyper Canvas.

Section 1. Receive data

Channel Voice Messages

<Note off>

<Note on>

<Control Change>

NRPN

RPN

<Program Change>

<Channel Pressure>

<Pitch Bend Change>

Channel Mode Messages

<All Sounds Off (Controller number 120)>

<Reset All Controllers (Controller number 121)>

<All Notes Off (Controller number 123)>

<OMNI OFF (Controller number 124)>

<OMNI ON (Controller number 125)>

<MONO (Controller number 126)>

<POLY (Controller number 127)>

System Exclusive Message

<System exclusive messages related to mode settings>

<Universal Realtime System Exclusive Messages>

Supplementary material

<Decimal and Hexadecimal table>

<Examples of actual MIDI messages>

<About tuning>

Maîtriser

Webographie 🌐

Dans cet article 📍

fiternet.fr

RPN NRPN

Mini Glossaire pour cet article

Contrôleurs MIDI à connaitre :

Convertisseur Décimal/Hexadécimal/Binaire

RPN NRPN : De quoi s’agit-il ?

Un exemple simple

RPN NRPN : exemple d'implémentation MIDI typique emprunté à Roland Edirol Hyper Canvas.

Section 1. Receive data

Channel Voice Messages

<Note off>

<Note on>

<Control Change>

**NRPN**

**RPN**

<Program Change>

<Channel Pressure>

<Pitch Bend Change>

Channel Mode Messages

<All Sounds Off (Controller number 120)>

<Reset All Controllers (Controller number 121)>

<All Notes Off (Controller number 123)>

<OMNI OFF (Controller number 124)>

<OMNI ON (Controller number 125)>

<MONO (Controller number 126)>

<POLY (Controller number 127)>

System Exclusive Message

<System exclusive messages related to mode settings>

<Universal Realtime System Exclusive Messages>

Supplementary material

<Decimal and Hexadecimal table>

<Examples of actual MIDI messages>

<About tuning>

Maîtriser

Webographie 🌐

Dans cet article 📍

NRPN

RPN